Author(s):
Akash Rathod, Mitesh Sonawane, Kirti Pawar, Vikash Nikam, Akash Tamboli
Email(s):
akashrathod5848@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0975-4377.2025.00022 
Address:
Akash Rathod*, Mitesh Sonawane, Kirti Pawar, Vikash Nikam, Akash Tamboli
Loknete Dr. J. D. Pawar College of Pharmacy, Manur, Kalwan, Nashik. 423501.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 17,
Issue - 2,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
In an effort to guarantee patient acceptability, safety, efficacy, and compliance, companies and researchers have been working on developing innovative drug delivery methods for the past few decades. The creation of new drugs takes a lot of money, effort, and time these days, but the trend is toward innovative medication delivery methods. Through a variety of methods, this delivery system facilitates both local and systemic drug response. The oral fast-dissolving film preparation (OFDFs) using this innovative method aids patients who are immobile, elderly, and pediatric. The goal of this review study is to provide information about potential therapeutic candidates and polymers for use in OFDFs, as well as specifics about the creation, information and examination of OFDFs. It also focuses on both positive aspects and drawbacks that have an impact on the film's formulation. These films have good patient compliance, are pharmacoeconomic, and can be administered on their own. Oral fast dissolution films can be formulated using a variety of methods, the best of which being the solvent casting process. Buccal films are often made of hydrophilic polymers and other excipients, which dissolve fast and release the integrated APIs in a matter of seconds. There is potential for market and business development with oral fast dissolving films since they have many advantages in terms of accessibility, administration and withdrawal, retentivity, low enzymatic movement, economy, and high patient compliance. The mechanism of action, benefits, composition, formulation, evaluation, packaging and marketed formulations of oral fast dissolving films are highlighted in this prepared review. covers the topics around cutting-edge quick-solving methods as well.
Cite this article:
Akash Rathod, Mitesh Sonawane, Kirti Pawar, Vikash Nikam, Akash Tamboli. Innovative Drug Delivery System Oral Fast Dissolving Film: A Comprehensive Review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2025; 17(2):149-3. doi: 10.52711/0975-4377.2025.00022
Cite(Electronic):
Akash Rathod, Mitesh Sonawane, Kirti Pawar, Vikash Nikam, Akash Tamboli. Innovative Drug Delivery System Oral Fast Dissolving Film: A Comprehensive Review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2025; 17(2):149-3. doi: 10.52711/0975-4377.2025.00022 Available on: https://rjpdft.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-17-2-10
REFERENCES:
1. Siddiqui MN, Garg G, Sharma PK. A short review on “A novel approach in oral fast dissolving drug delivery system and their patents”. Adv Biol Res. 2011 Nov;5(6):291-303.
2. Chan R. Oral thin films: Realms of Possibility. ONdrugDelivery Mag. 2016 Jul; 69:12-7.
3. Patel AR, Prajapati DS, Raval JA. Fast dissolving films (FDFs) as a newer venture in fast dissolving dosage forms. Int. J. Drug Dev. Res. 2010 Apr;2(2):232-4.
4. Zaman M, Hassan R, Amjad MW, Khan SM, Raja MA, Shah SS, Siddique W, Aman W, Abid Z, Butt MH. Formulation of instant disintegrating buccal films without using disintegrant: An in-vitro study. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021 Nov 2;34.
5. Wright D, Tomlin S. CPD-How to help if a patient can't swallow. Pharmaceutical Journal. 2011; 286(7643): 271.
6. Bandari S, Mittapalli RK, Gannu R. Orodispersible tablets: An overview. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics (AJP). 2008;2(1).
7. Mahboob MB, Riaz T, Jamshaid M, Bashir I, Zulfiqar S. Oral films: A comprehensive review. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal. 2016 Nov 18;5(12):111-7.
8. Salawi A. An insight into preparatory methods and characterization of orodispersible film—A review. Pharmaceuticals. 2022 Jul 9;15(7):844.
9. Hussain MW, Kushwaha P, Rahman MA, Akhtar J. Development and evaluation of fast dissolving film for oro-buccal drug delivery of chlorpromazine. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 2017 Oct 1;51(4):S539-47.
10. Karki S, Kim H, Na SJ, Shin D, Jo K, Lee J. Thin films as an emerging platform for drug delivery. asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2016 Oct 1;11(5):559-74.
11. Özakar RS, Özakar E. Current overview of oral thin films. Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2021 Feb;18(1):111.
12. Gupta MS, Kumar TP, Gowda DV. Orodispersible Thin Film: A new patient-centered innovation. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2020 Oct 1;59:101843.
13. Desai PP, Date AA, Patravale VB. Overcoming poor oral bioavailability using nanoparticle formulations–opportunities and limitations. Drug Discovery Today: Technologies. 2012 Jun 1;9(2):e87-95.
14. Sharma I, Sharma V. A comprehensive review on fast dissolving tablet technology. Journal of applied pharmaceutical science. 2011 Jul 30(Issue):50-8.
15. Mishra R, Amin A. Formulation and characterization of rapidly dissolving films of cetirizine hydrochloride using pullulan as a film forming agent. Indian journal of pharmaceutical education and research. 2011 Jan 1;45(1):71-7.
16. Hoffmann EM, Breitenbach A, Breitkreutz J. Advances in orodispersible films for drug delivery. Expert opinion on drug delivery. 2011 Mar 1; 8(3): 299-316.
17. Krause J, Breitkreutz J. Improving drug delivery in paediatric medicine. Pharmaceutical Medicine. 2008 Jan;22:41-50.
18. Dixit RP, Puthli SP. Oral strip technology: Overview and future potential. Journal of controlled release. 2009 Oct 15;139(2):94-107.
19. Preis MK. Oromucosal film preparations for pharmaceutical use-formulation development and analytical characterization (Doctoral dissertation, Universitäts-und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf).
20. Wasilewska K, Winnicka K. How to assess orodispersible film quality? A review of applied methods and their modifications. Acta Pharmaceutica. 2019 Jun 30;69(2):155-76.
21. Ghosh TK, Pfister WR. Drug delivery to the oral cavity: molecules to market. CRC Press; 2005 Feb 28.
22. Dinge A, Nagarsenker M. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving films for delivery of triclosan to the oral cavity. Aaps Pharmscitech. 2008 Jun; 9: 349-56.
23. Saigal N, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Ali J. Fast-dissolving intra-oral drug delivery systems. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents. 2008 Jul 1;18(7):769-81.
24. Barnhart, S.D.; Full, A.P.; Moritz, C. Rapidly dissolving films for delivery of pharmaceutical or cosmetic agents. U.S. Patent 60/513,547, December 03, 2004.
25. Thin film drug delivery, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_ drug_delivery.
26. Hang, J. Dissolving films. U.S. Patent 20070184093, August 09, 2007.
27. Bhyan B, Jangra S, Kaur M, Singh H. Orally fast dissolving films: innovations in formulation and technology. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2011 Jul;9(2):9-15.
28. Bala R, Pawar P, Khanna S, Arora S. Orally dissolving strips: A new approach to oral drug delivery system. International journal of pharmaceutical investigation. 2013 Apr;3(2):67.
29. Karki S, Kim H, Na SJ, Shin D, Jo K, Lee J. Thin films as an emerging platform for drug delivery. asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2016 Oct 1;11(5):559-74.
30. Kathpalia H, Gupte A. An introduction to fast dissolving oral thin film drug delivery systems: a review. Current drug delivery. 2013 Dec 1;10(6):667-84.
31. Saini P, Kumar A, Sharma P, Visht S. Fast disintegrating oral films: A recent trend of drug delivery. Int J Drug Dev Res. 2012 Oct;4(4):80-94.
32. Jain A, Ahirwar HC, Tayal S, Mohanty PK. Fast dissolving oral films: a tabular update. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2018 Jul 14;8(4):10-9.
33. Khatoon N, Raghavendra Rao NG, Reddy BM, Overview on Fast Dissolving Oral Films, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 2013; 1(1):63-75.
34. Patil BS, Tate SS, Kulkarni U, Hariprasanna RC, Wadageri GV. Development and in-vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Tizanidine hydrochloride using natural polymer xanthan gum. Int J Pharm Sci. 2011;8(2):140-6.
35. Perioli L, Ambrogi V, Angelici F, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S, Capuccella M, Rossi C. Development of mucoadhesive patches for buccal administration of ibuprofen. Journal of controlled release. 2004 Sep 14;99(1):73-82.
36. Patel KV, Patel ND, Dodiya HD, Shelat PK. Buccal bioadhesive drug delivery system: an overview. Int J Pharm Bio Arch. 2011;2(2):600-9.
37. Gupta SK, Singhvi IJ, Shirsat M, Karwani G, Agarwal A. Buccal adhesive drug delivery system: a review. Asian J. Biochemical and pharmaceutical research2011. 2011 Apr;2(1):105-14.
38. Siddique W, Sarfraz RM, Zaman M, Butt MH, Hayat Z, Gul M, Gul M, Asghar F. Impact of polymer and plasticizer on mechanical properties of film: A quality by design approach. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy. 2021 Jan 1;40(12):3002-8.
39. Allen E, Davidson R, LaRosa T, Reid D, inventors; Concept Matrix Solutions, assignee. Oral dissolvable film that includes plant extract. United States patent US 10,307,397. 2019 Jun 4.
40. Preis M, Pein M, Breitkreutz J. Development of a taste-masked orodispersible film containing dimenhydrinate. Pharmaceutics. 2012 Oct 26;4(4):551-62.
41. Horstmann M, Laux W, Hungerbach S, inventors; LTS Lohmann Therapie Systeme GmbH and Co KG, assignee. Rapidly disintegrating sheet-like presentations of multiple dosage units. United States patent US 5,629,003. 1997 May 13.
42. Garsuch V, Breitkreutz J. Comparative investigations on different polymers for the preparation of fast-dissolving oral films. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2010 Apr;62(4):539-45.
43. Irfan M, Rabel S, Bukhtar Q, Qadir MI, Jabeen F, Khan A. Orally disintegrating films: A modern expansion in drug delivery system. Saudi pharmaceutical journal. 2016 Sep 1;24(5):537-46.
44. Boateng JS, Matthews KH, Auffret AD, Humphrey MJ, Stevens HN, Eccleston GM. In vitro drug release studies of polymeric freeze-dried wafers and solvent-cast films using paracetamol as a model soluble drug. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2009 Aug 13;378(1-2):66-72.
45. Boateng JS, Stevens HN, Eccleston GM, Auffret AD, Humphrey MJ, Matthews KH. Development and mechanical characterization of solvent-cast polymeric films as potential drug delivery systems to mucosal surfaces. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2009 Aug 1;35(8):986-96.
46. Pathare YS, Hastak VS, Bajaj AN. Polymers used for fast disintegrating oral films: a review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2013 Jul;21(1):169-78.
47. Sharma R, Parikh RK, Gohel MC, Soniwala MM. Development of taste masked film of valdecoxib for oral use. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2007 Mar 1;69(2).
48. Kulkarni AS, Deokule HA, Mane MS, Ghadge DM. Exploration of different polymers for use in the formulation of oral fast dissolving strips. J Curr Pharm Res. 2010;2(1):33-5.
49. Ali S, Quadir A. High molecular weight povidone polymer-based films for fast dissolving drug delivery applications. Drug Delivery Technology. 2007;7(6):36-43.
50. Cao N, Yang X, Fu Y. Effects of various plasticizers on mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of gelatin films. Food hydrocolloids. 2009 May 1;23(3):729-35.
51. Hanif M, Zaman M, Chaurasiya V. Polymers used in buccal film: a review. Designed Monomers and Polymers. 2015 Feb 17;18(2):105-11.
52. Pawar R, Sharma R, Sharma P, Darwhekar GN. A review on mouth dissolving film. Journal of Drug delivery and Therapeutics. 2019 Nov 15;9(6):206-10.
53. Sau-hung S, Robert S. Lori. Fast dissolving orally consumable films, US Patent.;6(596):298.
54. Prakash I, DuBois GE, Clos JF, Wilkens KL, Fosdick LE. Development of rebiana, a natural, non-caloric sweetener. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2008 Jul 1;46(7): S75-82.
55. Israel K, Leo M, Salivary stimulant, U.S Patent, 1989; 4820506.
56. http://www. Patent storm.us /patents/ 6740332/claims. Html.
57. Zyck DJ, Dzija MR, Chapdelaine AH, inventors; Wm Wrigley Jr Co, assignee. Edible film formulations containing maltodextrin. United States patent US 6,740,332. 2004 May 25.
58. Technical Brief: Particle Sciences Drug Development Services, Vol 3 2010.
59. Coppens KA, Hall MJ, Mitchell SA, Read MD. Hypronlellose, ethylcellulose, and polyethylene oxide use in hot melt extrusion. Pharmaceutical technology (2003). 2006;30(1):62-70.
60. Giovino C, Ayensu I, Tetteh J, Boateng JS. An integrated buccal delivery system combining chitosan films impregnated with peptide loaded PEG-b-PLA nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2013 Dec 1; 112:9-15.
61. Murata Y, Isobe T, Kofuji K, Nishida N, Kamaguchi R. Preparation of fast dissolving films for oral dosage from natural polysaccharides. Materials. 2010 Aug 9;3(8):4291-9.
62. Nagar P, Chauhan I, Yasir M. Insights into Polymers: Film Formers in Mouth Dissolving Films. Drug invention today. 2011 Dec 1;3(12).
63. Arora L, Chakraborty T. A review on new generation orodispersible films and its novel approaches. Indo Am. J. Pharm. Res. 2017 Jan; 7:7451-70.
64. Shinkar DM, Dhake AS, Setty CM. Drug delivery from the oral cavity: A focus on mucoadhesive. PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2012; 66:466-500.
65. Hanif M, Zaman M. Thiolation of arabinoxylan and its application in the fabrication of controlled release mucoadhesive oral films. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences. 2017 Dec; 25:1-3.
66. Zaman M, Hanif M, Shaheryar ZA. Development of Tizanidine HCl-Meloxicam loaded mucoadhesive buccal films: In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. PloS one. 2018 Mar 22;13(3):e0194410.
67. Zaman M, Hanif M, Qaiser AA. Effect of polymer and plasticizer on thin polymeric buccal films of meloxicam designed by using central composite rotatable design. Acta Pol Pharm. 2016 Sep 1;73(5):1351-60.
68. Mishra R, Amin A. Manufacturing techniques of orally dissolving films. Pharmaceutical Technology. 2011 Jan 2;35(1):70-3.
69. Zaman M, Hanif M, Sultana K. Synthesis of thiolated arabinoxylan and its application as sustained release mucoadhesive film former. Biomedical Materials. 2018 Feb 8;13(2):025019.
70. Zaman M, Hanif M, Khan MA. Arabinoxylan-based mucoadhesive oral films of tizanidine HCL designed and optimized using central composite rotatable design. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 2018 Mar 24;57(5):471-83.
71. Zaman M, Hassan R, Razzaq S, Mahmood A, Amjad MW, Raja MA, Qaisar AA, Majeed A, Hanif M, Tahir RA. Fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol based fast dissolving oral strips of sumatriptan succinate and metoclopramide HCL. Science Progress. 2020 Oct;103(4):0036850420964302.
72. Kathpalia H, Patil A. Formulation and Evaluation of Orally Disintegrating Films of Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017 Mar 1;79(2).
73. Reza KH, Chakraborty P. Recent industrial development in oral thin film technology: An overview. PharmaTutor. 2016;4(8):17-22.
74. Schruben DL, Gonzalez P. Dispersity improvement in solvent casting particle/polymer composite. Polymer Engineering & Science. 2000 Jan;40(1):139-42.
75. Verma S. A review on conventional and modern techniques to develop Orodispersible films. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics (AJP). 2018 Aug 18;12(02).
76. Tsujimoto, T. Solvent Casting Process. Google Patent 7,361,295, 22 April 2008.
77. Nagaraju T, Gowthami R, Rajashekar M, Sandeep S, Mallesham M, Sathish D, Shravan Kumar Y. Comprehensive review on oral disintegrating films. Current drug delivery. 2013 Feb 1;10(1):96-108.
78. Zaman M, Hanif M. In vitro and ex vivo assessment of hydrophilic polymer‐and plasticizer‐based thin buccal films designed by using central composite rotatable design for the delivery of meloxicam. Advances in Polymer Technology. 2018 Oct;37(6):1823-36.
79. Melegari C. Study of different technologies for film coating of drug layered pellets using ethylcellulose as functional polymer.
80. Maniruzzaman M, Boateng JS, Snowden MJ, Douroumis D. A review of hot-melt extrusion: process technology to pharmaceutical products. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2012;2012.
81. Barnhart SD. Thin film oral dosage forms. InModified-release drug delivery technology 2008 May 28 (pp. 235-256). CRC Press.
82. Palem CR, Kumar Battu S, Maddineni S, Gannu R, Repka MA, Yamsani MR. Oral transmucosal delivery of domperidone from immediate release films produced via hot-melt extrusion technology. Pharmaceutical development and technology. 2013 Feb 1;18(1):186-95.
83. McGinity, J.W.; Koleng, J.; Repka, M.; Zhang, F. Hot-melt extrusion technology. Encycl. Pharm. Technol. 2007, 19, 203–226.
84. Patil, H., Tiwari, R.V. and Repka, M.A., 2016. Hot-melt extrusion: from theory to application in pharmaceutical formulation. Aaps Pharmscitech, 17, pp.20-42.
85. Simões MF, Pinto RM, Simões S. Hot-melt extrusion in the pharmaceutical industry: toward filing a new drug application. Drug Discovery Today. 2019 Sep 1;24(9):1749-68.
86. Tumuluri VS, Kemper MS, Lewis IR, Prodduturi S, Majumdar S, Avery BA, Repka MA. Off-line and on-line measurements of drug-loaded hot-melt extruded films using Raman spectroscopy. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2008 Jun 5;357(1-2):77-84.
87. Arya A, Chandra A, Sharma V, Pathak K. Fast dissolving oral films: an innovative drug delivery system and dosage form. International Journal of ChemTech Research. 2010 Jan 1;2(1):576-83.
88. Yang, R.K.; Fuisz, R.C.; Myers, G.L.; Fuisz, J.M. Thin Film with Non-Self-Aggregating Uniform Heterogeneity and Drug Delivery Systems Made Therefrom. Google Patent 7,425,292, 16 September 2008.
89. Jamróz W, Szafraniec J, Kurek M, Jachowicz R. 3D printing in pharmaceutical and medical applications–recent achievements and challenges. Pharmaceutical research. 2018 Sep; 35:1-22.
90. Annaji M, Ramesh S, Poudel I, Govindarajulu M, Arnold RD, Dhanasekaran M, Babu RJ. Application of extrusion-based 3D printed dosage forms in the treatment of chronic diseases. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020 Dec 1;109(12):3551-68.
91. Łyszczarz E, Brniak W, Szafraniec-Szczęsny J, Majka TM, Majda D, Zych M, Pielichowski K, Jachowicz R. The impact of the preparation method on the properties of orodispersible films with aripiprazole: Electrospinning vs. casting and 3D printing methods. Pharmaceutics. 2021 Jul 22;13(8):1122.
92. Frey, Film Strips and Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Packaging Sources, 2006; pp: 92-93.
93. Chaudhary H, Gauri S, Rathee P, Kumar V. Development and optimization of fast dissolving oro-dispersible films of granisetron HCl using Box–Behnken statistical design. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University. 2013 Dec 1;51(2):193-201.
94. Bhyan B, Jangra S, Kaur M, Singh H. Orally fast dissolving films: innovations in formulation and technology. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2011 Jul;9(2):9-15.
95. Bai GE, Armenante PM, Plank RV, Gentzler M, Ford K, Harmon P. Hydrodynamic investigation of USP dissolution test apparatus II. Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences. 2007 Sep 1;96(9):2327-49.
96. Raju S, Reddy PS, Kumar VA, Deepthi A, Reddy KS, Reddy PM. Flash release oral films of metoclopramide hydrochloride for pediatric use: Formulation and in-vitro evaluation. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 2011;3(4):636-46.
97. Patel RS, Poddar SS. Development and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal patches of salbutamol sulphate. Current drug delivery. 2009 Jan 1;6(1):140-4.
98. Yellanki SK, Jagtap S, Masareddy R. Dissofilm: a novel approach for delivery of phenobarbital; design and characterization. Journal of Young Pharmacists. 2011 Jul 1;3(3):181-8.
99. Gorle AP, Gattani SG. Design and evaluation of polymeric ocular drug delivery system. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2009 Sep 1;57(9):914-9.
100. Patil PC, Shrivastava SK, Vaidehi S, Ashwini P. Oral fast dissolving drug delivery system: a modern approach for patient compliance. International journal of drug regulatory affairs. 2014 Jun 1;2(2):49-60.
101. Siqueira Jr WL, Nicolau J. Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome. Special Care in Dentistry. 2002 Nov;22(6):226-30.
102. Pein, M.; Eckert, C.; Preis, M.; Breitkreutz, J. Taste Sensing System αAstree as Analytical Tool—Performance Qualification Using Caffeine Citrate as Model Substance. In Proceedings of the 8th Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics World Meeting, Istanbul, Turkey, 19–22 March 2012.
103. Zaman M, Hanif M, Amjad MW, Mahmood A, Shah S, Raja MA, Rasool S, Sarfraz RM. Development of thiomer based buccal films for the enhancement of bioavailability: An in-vivo analysis. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2019 Mar 1;32(2):759-64.
104. Zaman M. Formulation and Evaluation of Tizanidine-Meloxicam Mucoadhesive Buccal Films by Central Composite Rotatable Design and Their Pharmacokinetic Studies (Doctoral dissertation, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan).
105. Zaman M, Hanif M, Murtaza H. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of tizanidine HCl and meloxicam in bilayer mucoadhesive buccal films. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica-Drug Research. 2018 Aug 31;75(4):851-9.
106. El-Setouhy DA, El-Malak NS. Formulation of a novel tianeptine sodium orodispersible film. Aaps Pharmscitech. 2010 Sep; 11:1018-25.
107. Anwar S, Zaman M, Raja MA, Mahmood A, Amjad MW. Rosuvastatin, Perindopril and Ezetimibe loaded instant release buccal films: Development and in vitro characterization. Journal of Applied Biomedicine. 2020 Oct 1;18(4).
108. Peh KK, Wong CF. Polymeric films as vehicle for buccal delivery: swelling, mechanical, and bioadhesive properties. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 1999 Aug;2(2):53-61.
109. Aburahma MH, Mahmoud AA. Biodegradable ocular inserts for sustained delivery of brimonidine tartarate: preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Aaps Pharmscitech. 2011 Dec;12:1335-47.
110. Baranowski P, Karolewicz B, Gajda M, Pluta J. Ophthalmic drug dosage forms: characterisation and research methods. The Scientific World Journal. 2014 Jan 1;2014.
111. Eroğlu H, Sargon MF, Öner L. Chitosan formulations for steroid delivery: effect of formulation variables on in vitro characteristics. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2007 Jan 1;33(3):265-71.
112. Kunte S, Tandale P. Fast dissolving strips: A novel approach for the delivery of verapamil. Journal of pharmacy and bioallied sciences. 2010 Oct 1;2(4):325-8.
113. Chavan DU, Marques SM, Bhide PJ, Kumar L, Shirodkar RK. Rapidly dissolving felodipine nanoparticle strips-formulation using design of experiment and characterisation. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2020 Dec 1; 60:102053.
114. Preis M, Knop K, Breitkreutz J. Mechanical strength test for orodispersible and buccal films. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2014 Jan 30;461(1-2):22-9.
115. Morales JO, McConville JT. Manufacture and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal films. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2011 Feb 1;77(2):187-99.
116. Bhupinder B, Sarita J. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving sublingual films of Rizatriptan Benzoate. Int J Drug Dev Res. 2012 Jan;4(1):133-43.
117. Khalil YI. Preparation and characterization of montelukast sodium (SMLT) as a dual sustained release buccal strip. Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (P-ISSN 1683-3597 E-ISSN 2521-3512). 2015;24(2):61-71.
118. Bonsu MA, Ofori-Kwakye K, Kipo SL, Boakye-Gyasi ME, Fosu MA. Development of oral dissolvable films of diclofenac sodium for osteoarthritis using Albizia and Khaya gums as hydrophilic film formers. Journal of drug delivery. 2016;2016.
119. S Alghamdi H, Svirskis D, R Bunt C, Swift S, D Rupenthal I. Azithromycin and Dexamethasone Loaded β-Glucan Films for the Treatment of Blepharitis. Drug Delivery Letters. 2016 Feb 1;6(1):22-9.
120. Koland M, Sandeep VP, Charyulu NR. Fast dissolving sublingual films of ondansetron hydrochloride: effect of additives on in vitro drug release and mucosal permeation. Journal of Young Pharmacists. 2010 Jul 1;2(3):216-22.
121. Wuzhu YA, Shifeng WE, Jun LI, Zhufeng YU. Determination of reduced Young's modulus of thin films using indentation test. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters). 2009 Dec 1;22(6):468-80.
122. Prabhu P, Malli R, Koland M, Vijaynarayana K, D’Souza U, Harish NM, Shastry CS, Charyulu RN. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving films of levocitirizine di hydrochloride. International journal of pharmaceutical investigation. 2011 Apr;1(2):99.
123. Gavaskar B, Kumar SV, Sharan G, Rao YM. Overview on fast dissolving films. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010;2(3):29-33.
124. rights are reserved by Ms A, Amin PM. Oral Film Technology: Challenges and Future Scope for Pharmaceutical Industry.
125. Sharma D, Kaur D, Verma S, Singh D, Singh M, Singh G, Garg R. Fast dissolving oral films technology: A recent trend for an innovative oral drug delivery system. International Journal of Drug Delivery. 2015 Oct 12;7(2):60-75.
126. Gupta MS, Kumar TP, Gowda DV, Rosenholm JM. Orodispersible films: Conception to quality by design. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2021 Nov 1; 178:113983.
127. Hoffmann EM, Breitenbach A, Breitkreutz J. Advances in orodispersible films for drug delivery. Expert opinion on drug delivery. 2011 Mar 1;8(3):299-316.
128. Panda BP, Dey NS, Rao ME. Development of innovative orally fast disintegrating film dosage forms: a review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology. 2012 Jul;5(2):1666-74.
129. Nahum V, Domb AJ. Recent developments in solid lipid microparticles for food ingredients delivery. Foods. 2021 Feb 11;10(2):400.
130. Arora L, Chakraborty T. A review on new generation orodispersible films and its novel approaches. Indo Am. J. Pharm. Res. 2017 Jan; 7:7451-70
131. Firoz Shaik, Padmini Karnatham, Rishmitha Dugganpalli, Swarnalatha Panga, Lakshmi Prasanna Akepati. Development and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Sacubitril sodium Loaded oral fast Dissolving Films. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(8):3553-3558.
132. Aditya Singh, Vaseem A. Ansari, Md Faheem Haider, Farogh Ahsan, Tariq Mahmood, Shubhrat Maheshwari, Ritesh Kumar Tiwari. Oral Fast Dissolving Film: The Avant-garde Avenue for oral Consignment Modus Operandi. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(4):2145-2.
133. S.B. Gondkar, Namrata D. Patil, R.B. Saudagar. Fast Dissolving Oral Films. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 6(1): January -March, 2016; Page 56-58.
134. Dasari Nirmala, Swapna Nandhini, M. Sudhakar. Design and evaluation of fast dissolving oral films of Zolpidem by solvent casting method. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2016; 6(2): 67-71.
135. Chonkar Ankita D., Bhagawati S. T., Udupa N.. An Overview on Fast Dissolving Oral Films. Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2015; 5( 3); 129-137.
136. Supriya, B. Lakshmi, K. Padmalatha. Formulation Development and In- Vitro Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Films containing Ranitidine Hydrochloride. Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2021; 11(1):13-17.
137. Y. Raja Jayarao, D. Deborah, T. Ambedkar, S. Manohar Babu. Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Films of Perindopril. Res. J. Pharm. Dosage Form. and Tech. 6(2): April- June 2014; Page 71-80.
138. Sara Sadique, Ramya Sri S. Preparation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Film of Losartan Potassium. Res. J. Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech.2020; 12(1): 13-16.
139. A. Srinivas, D.V.R.N. Bhikshapathi. Fast Dissolving Oral Films of Pramipexole HCl monohydrate: Preparation and in vitro evaluation. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2018; 11(3): 1001-1008.
140. Kamma Keerthi Sai. Formulation Development and In vitro Evaluation of Memantine Hydrochloride Fast Dissolving Oral Films employing different grades of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(1):17-3.
141. T. Anusha, R. Swetha Sri. Derivative UV Spectroscopic Cleaning Method Development and Validation of Darunavir API incorporated into Dissolving Oral Film. Research Journal of Science and Technology. 2024; 16(2):107-4.