Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology

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0975-4377 (Online)
0975-234X (Print)


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The Influence of Khat on the In-vitro and In-vivo availability of Tetracycline-HCl

Author(s): Farah Hamad Farah, Omer Ali Attef, Abdul-Azim Ahmed Ali

Email(s): f.hamad@ajman.ac.ae. , attef@hotmail.com , ajac.azim@ajman.ac.ae.

DOI: 10.5958/0975-4377.2015.00001.4   

Address: Farah Hamad Farah1*, Omer Ali Attef2 and Abdul-Azim Ahmed Ali3
1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University of Science and Technology, UAE.
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University of Science and Technology, UAE
3Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University of Science and Technology, UAE,
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 7,      Issue - 1,     Year - 2015

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ABSTRACT:
The influence of khat on both in-vitro and in-vivo availability of tetracycline-HCl has been evaluated. The in-vitro availability data have reflected a statistically significant interaction between khat extract and tetracycline-HCl in two buffer solutions simulating intestinal and gastric media (phosphate buffer-pH 7 and 0.1 HCl-pH 1.2 respectively). In the in-vivo availability studies, ten adult healthy Yemeni volunteers participated. The obtained in-vivo availability data indicated a statistically significant reduction in most pharmacokinetics parameters. A statistically significant % reduction in the maximum plasma tetracycline-HCl concentration (Cmax) and absorption rate constant (Ka) as well as a significant enhancement of time to reach the peak plasma concentration (Tmax), were observed as a result of taking tetracycline-HCl just before khat chewing (trial B) and more pronounce during khat chewing (trial D) compared to the control (trial C). In addition a statistically significant % reduction in area under curve (AUC0?8) has been observed reflecting a reduction in the extent of in-vivo tetracycline-HCl availability as a result of khat chewing. Statistically significant % reductions in the biologic half-life (t½) and elimination rate constant (Kel) were also observed.The reduction in tetracycline-HCl concentration when mixed with khat extract, as shown by in-vitro data, may reflect a possible formation of tetracycline-HCl complexes with one or more of khat constituents. The reduction in the rate and extent of in-vivo tetracycline-HCl availability as a result of khat chewing, may be due to the possible formation of non-absorbable tetracycline-HCl complexes with one or more of khat constituents or possible delaying of gastric emptying induced by khat that may prolong the resident time of tetracycline-HCl in the stomach leading to its possible degradation into the less antimicrobial active form epitetracycline.


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Cite this article:
Farah Hamad Farah, Omer Ali Attef, Abdul-Azim Ahmed Ali. The Influence of Khat on the In-vitro and In-vivo availability of Tetracycline-HCl. Res. J. Pharm. Dosage Form. & Tech. 7(1): Jan.-Mar. 2015; Page 01-06. doi: 10.5958/0975-4377.2015.00001.4

Cite(Electronic):
Farah Hamad Farah, Omer Ali Attef, Abdul-Azim Ahmed Ali. The Influence of Khat on the In-vitro and In-vivo availability of Tetracycline-HCl. Res. J. Pharm. Dosage Form. & Tech. 7(1): Jan.-Mar. 2015; Page 01-06. doi: 10.5958/0975-4377.2015.00001.4   Available on: https://rjpdft.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2015-7-1-1


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Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology (RJPDFT) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, devoted to pharmaceutical sciences. The aim of RJPDFT is to increase the impact of pharmaceutical research both in academia and industry, with strong emphasis on quality and originality. RJPDFT publishes Original Research Articles, Short Communications, Review Articles in all areas of pharmaceutical sciences from the discovery of a drug up to clinical evaluation. Topics covered are: Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Allied sciences including drug regulatory affairs, Pharmaceutical Marketing, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Pharmaceutical biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Education and Hospital Pharmacy.    
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