INTRODUCTION:

India is the largest producer of healthful herbs and is termed the “Botanical garden of the world”. The traditional medicines are obtained from medicinal plants, minerals, and so on. Herbal medicines of organic matter are prepared from medicinal plants only. Drugs have been used as the source of the plants and important component of the health care system in India. The Indian system of Medicine, most practitioners should make and share their own recipes, so it requires proper documentation and research. In the west, use of herbal medicines is increasing with the use of reporting about 40% of the population within the last one year of medical diseases to treat herbs.

Due to the general public, education and government’s interest in increasing are traditional medicines increasingly due to side effects of adverse drug reactions and cost factor modern medical systems.¹

Oral health could be a part of general health and is very important within the traditional development. Cavity is the most current dental wellness moving humankind spittle acts as a protecting issue against cavity development by providing the most defence system for the host. Saliva contains great amount of proteins and amino acids that help to maintain the homeostasis of oral cavity. The Six plant samples that has been employed in this project i.e., Neem, Clove, Fennel, Cinnamon, Amla and Tulsi, are normally used as ancient medicines. However these plants conjointly contribute a good deal to the ayurvedic medicines since history. They not only show antimicrobial property for naturally action diseases however even have essential concentration of bound phytochemical present in them which will profit our body in some ways. Therefore during this project, phytochemical screening (qualitative – saponin, tannin, flavonoid, carbohydrate, protein, alkaloid, phenol, coumarin, Quinones, terpenoids and soluble starch) was carried out for these six plant samples^2-5.

IDEAL PROPERTIES OF PASTE:

· Good Abrasive effect.

· Non irritant and non toxic.

· Impart no stain in tooth.

· Keep the mouth clean and fresh.

· Prolonged effect.

· Cheap and available.

· Prevention of gums and gingivitis

BENEFITS OF HERBAL TOOTH PASTE ^6-8:

· Delivers active ingredients such as fluoride or xylitol to help prevent tooth and gum disease.

· Recent advances in toothpaste enable high efficacy of oral health delivery.

· Special tooth paste for kids with fluoride and relatively low abrasion value.

· Desensitizing toothpaste.

· Whitening toothpaste.

· Easy to use, available in collapsible tubes.

· Combination of various contents available as to combat different oral healthcare needs at once.

Preparation of Herbal Toothpaste

· The herbal tooth paste was prepared by using clove, tulasi, neem, fennel, and cinnamon and amla powder ⁹.

· All herbal ingredients were dried and grounded using domestic mixer.

· The required quantities of ingredients weighed and taken in a mortar.

· Calcium carbonate, sodium lauryl sulphate, glycerine and sodium saccharine were taken into another beaker and mixed in water.

· Para hydroxyl benzoic acid and acacia were added into the above mixture.

· This solution was added drop wise into mortar containing herbal ingredients and triturated well until a paste consistency is formed.

Ingredients and their Uses ^10-17

S. No	Ingredients	USES
1.	Neem	Anti bacterial
2.	Clove	To strengthen teeth and oral cavity
3.	Tulsi	Tto prevent bad odour
4.	Fennel	Helps to fight plaque, leaves mouth feeling clean and refresh
5.	Amla Powder	As an anti oxidant and to maintain oral health
6.	Cinnamon	As an anti microbial and anti inflammatory agent
7.	Calcium carbonate	Abrasive
8.	Sodium lauryl sulphate	Detergent
9.	Glycerine	Humectante
10.	Sodium saccharine	Sweetening agent
11.	Acacia	Prevention and treatement of gingivitis
12.	PHBA	Preservative

Formulation of Toothpaste

S. No.	Ingredients	Botanical Name	Quantity used (%)
1.	Neem	Azadirachta indica	1.5
2.	Clove	Syzygium aromaticum	1
3.	Tulasi	Ocimum tenuiflorum	1.2
4.	Cinnamon	Cinnamomum verum	0.5
5.	Amla	Phyllanthus emblica	1
6.	Fennel	Foeniculum vulgare	1
7.	Calcium carbonate	-	3
8.	Sodium lauryl sulphate	-	0.5
9.	Glycerine	-	1.5
10.	Sodium saccharine	-	1
11.	Acacia	-	0.5
12.	Para hydroxy benzoic acid	-	Q.S

Evaluation Tests^18,20:

A) Physical Examination:

a. COLOR: Colour of the prepared toothpaste was evaluated for its colour. The colour was checked visually.

b. ODOUR: Odour was found by smelling the product.

c. TASTE: Taste was checked manually by tasting the product.

B) Evaluation Parameters:

a. Determination OF PH: Take 1 gm of the tooth paste in a 150 ml beaker and add 10 ml of freshly boiled and cooled water (at 27ºC). Stir well to make a thorough suspension. Using digital pH meter, the pH of the suspension were determined

b. Foamability: The foam ability of the product was evaluated by taking small amount of preparation with water in a measuring cylinder initial volume was noted and then shaken for

Phytochemical Tests:

a) SAPONIN:

· 2ml sample was dissolved in 6ml distilled water.

· Shake well. Froth formation took place.

· Stability of the froth confirms the presence of saponin in the samples.

b) TANNIN:

· 1ml sample was dissolved in 1 ml 5% FeCl₃.

· Appearance of dark blue or greenish black color confirms presence of tannin the sample.

· If no color changes then heating mantle is used for changing the color.

c) FLAVANOIDS:

· 2μl samples was drop wise added into 20 ml NaOH.

· Again Conc. HCL was added drop wise, appearance of yellow color.

· Confirms the presence of flavonoids in the sample.

d) CARBOHYDRATES:

· Fehling’s reagent was prepared by mixing Fehling A and Fehling B solution.

· For Fehling A- 0.35g CuSO₄ was dissolved into 5 ml distilled water followed by addition of 2-3 drops of Conc. H₂SO₄.

· For Fehling B- 1.75g sodium potassium tartarate was dissolved in 5ml distilled water, 1.25g NaOH was added in the solution and mixed well to dissolve it.

· Then Fehling A and Fehling B was mixed well in the ratio of 1:1(FA+FB=10ml).

· Now 1ml Fehling’s reagent was dissolved in 2ml sample and heated for over 20 mins.

· Appearance of red ppt. confirms the presence of carbohydrates in the sample.

e) PROTEIN:

· 500μl of 1% CuSO4 was prepared and 500μl of 5% NaOH was prepared.

· Mixed together.

· Sample was added in the solution, occurrence of purple color confirms protein in the sample.

f) ALKALOIDS:

· 500μl extract was centrifuged and 500μl Wagner’s reagent was mixed into it.

· Shaked well and left for some time.

· Reddish brown color appears and confirms presence of alkaloids.

g) STARCH SOLUTION:

· Add the sample

· Add 2-3 drops of yellow iodine solution

· Stir with glass road

· The iodine solution will turn blue/black colour then starch is Present.

h) FAT TEST.

· Press the small quantity of extracts between two filter

· Paper the strain on one filter indicated the presence of fixed oils.

i) TERPENOID TEST

· 500μl sample was dissolved in 250μl chloroform.

· 625μl Conc. H2SO4 was added to the solution.

· Reddish brown ppt. of the solution confirms presence of terpenoids

j) PHENOL TEST

· 500μl extract was dissolved in distilled water.

· 2 drops of aq.FeCl₃ was added.

· Appearance of blue color or green color indicates presence of phenols.

k) COUMARIN TEST

· Take a look at 10% NaOH was additional to the extracts and CHCl₃ was additional for observation.

· Yellow colour shows the presence of Coumarin.

l) QUINONES TEST

· Take a look at dilute 10% NaOH was additional to the 1ml of crude extracts.

· Blue-green or red coloration indicates the presence of quinones.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

a) Determination of physical Appearance:

1. The results of visual inspection are

Colour: Green

Odour: Characteristic

Taste: Sweet

pH is determined by the pH meter and pH of the paste was found to be 6.6.

2. Determination of Sharp and Abrasive particles: No sharp and Abrasive particles are found.

3. Foaming power: Foaming power is good.

4. Determination of Spreadability: Spreadability is good.

5. Determination of Stability: Stability is good. It is stable in when exposed to sun and placed in cooled conditions.

b) Phytochemical Tests:

All the six sample powders showed presence of – saponins, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, phenos, coumarins, Quinones, terpenoids and soluble starch.

c) Evaluation Results:

S. No	Parameters	Observations
1.	Homogeneity	Good
2.	Abrasiveness	Good
3.	Foamability	11 ml
4.	Moisture content	17%
5.	Extrudability	91.29
6.	Spreadability	3.72 cm/sec
7.	stability	Stable

CONCLUSION:

Herbal tooth paste is having an accentuate function in the oral hygiene and preventing dental caries. The ingredients used in the present work, was screened and selected to possess anti bacterial effect and to maintain oral hygiene as it can be claimed by its results as effective tooth paste. The herbal tooth paste is considered safe to use twice a day and it does not cause any harmful effect, instead imparts good freshness and away from bad odour. Oral hygiene can be maintained in a reliable, safe and inexpensive way by using herbal tooth pastes.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

There is No conflict of interest.

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Received on 10.09.2023 Modified on 04.11.2023

Res. J. Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech.2024; 16(1):23-26.

DOI: 10.52711/0975-4377.2024.00004